Новый год – один из самых ярких и поистине народных праздников в году. А для фотографа (неважно, любителя или профессионала) этот праздник жизни становится увлекательным квестом по съемке шедевров.
Однако у новогодней съемки есть значительное количество подводных камней, которые обязательно стоит упомянуть. На самом деле, особой специфики, которой невозможно было бы достичь в другие дни года, в новогодних кадрах нет. Ночная съемка, фейерверк, яркие огни, съемка праздничного концерта или утренника и портрета в интерьере, — все это вещи, с которыми профессионал или опытный любитель сталкиваются достаточно часто. Но если Вы еще не поднаторели в подобных вещах, последуйте нескольким простым советам. Конечно, практически в любом современном фотоаппарате есть автоматический подбор оптимального для съемки режима, однако если сама мысль об этом вызывает у Вас священное негодование, стоит прикинуть примерный план действий. Если Вы просто хотите запечатлеть себя с семьей на фоне елки, этот план должен быть следующим: а) выбираете подходящий режим фотоаппарата (настраиваете выдержку, диафрагму, баланс белого или просто включаете режим «ночной съемки»); б) устанавливаете фотоаппарат на ровную поверхность или штатив (часто в праздники фотографов не спасает даже самый лучший стабилизатор); в) при необходимости включаете режим автосъемке и бежите на свое место или просто чинно и благородно фотографируете близких. Однако не все так просто, как выглядит на словах. В первую очередь необходимо определиться с базовым отношением «выдержка-диафрагма». В зависимости от условий съемки оно значительно варьируется. Если Вы пытаетесь запечатлеть веселые хороводы вокруг елки в детском саду в дневное время или любимую группу на ярко освещенной сцене, то есть вокруг объектов съемки достаточно света, а сами они находятся в движении, стоит максимально сократить выдержку, чтобы не было смазанности кадра. А вот если Вы, напротив, стремитесь добиться эффекта движения, небольшой смаз не повредит, и выдержка должна быть более длинной. Главное в этом случае – не переборщить. Для дополнительной подсветки, если она необходима, можно использовать вспышку или студийный свет.
А если Вы хотите добиться красивых кадров со световыми дорожками, как на следующем фото, нужно поставить длинную выдержку. Кстати, этот же эффект можно получить при ночной съемке автострады, а также такой вид съёмки рекомендуется при съёмке салютов.
Параметры же зависят в большой степени от того, насколько резким должно быть фото. Если Вы хотите акцентировать внимание на одном объекте и получить приятное расплывчатое боке на заднем плане, стоит снимать на максимально открытом отверстии. Если же глубина резкости должна захватывать несколько разноплановых объектов, используйте высокие значения параметра .
Выдержка также играет большую роль, когда Вы снимаете в темноте или полумраке. Низкая освещенность играет на руку искушенному фотографу: в темноте или при свете праздничных гирлянд можно добиться потрясающих цвето-световых эффектов. Однако снять хорошее фото в подобных условиях – задача непростая. Дело в том, что если включить верхний свет в комнате, где стоит переливающаяся огоньками гирлянд елка, то освещение и вспышка убьют всю ее красоту. Гирлянда будет выглядеть отключенной. А если снимать в режиме ночной съемки, Вы можете добиться того, что плоские лица будут единственным светлым пятном на фото, а все остальное погрузится во мрак. Чтобы избежать этого, необходимо отключить вспышку и свет и попробовать подобрать оптимальную выдержку. Оговоримся сразу: она будет большой, потому что наша задача – это получить не черный прямоугольник, а нормальную фотографию, отражающую людей и игру света зеленой красавицы. Особо стоит сказать: если Вы хотите, чтобы по фотографии было в самом деле понятно, что это Новый год, не загораживайте елку, выстраивая гостей рядами, как на комсомольском фото. Работа фотографа как раз и состоит в том, чтобы быть как можно менее заметным, а «работа» объектов съемки – быть раскованными, а не зажато-официальными в лучший праздник в году.
Проблему неправильной фокусировки легко решить, устанавливая точку фокусировки на наиболее освещенном участке объекта. Если у вашего фотоаппарата несколько точек фокусировки, не бойтесь экспериментировать: кадры от смены центральной точки на что-то менее стандартное становятся только лучше. Интересный эффект ореола вокруг огоньков гирлянды можно добиться за счет использования . А в «домашних» условиях попробуйте максимально уменьшить диафрагменное отверстие (если Вы пользуетесь автоматическим режимом, такое может получиться в режиме «Ночной ландшафт»). Кроме того, некоторые фотоаппараты имеют специальные сценарии «Фейерверк», «Свеча», «Светлый портрет» и прочее.
Главное – не бояться экспериментировать, ведь Новый год – прекрасный повод для различного рода экспериментов. С Новым Годом Вас и удачных Вам снимков!
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